इंग्रजी व्याकरणातील संज्ञा, व्याख्या किंवा इतर नियम पाठ करण्याची आवश्यकता नाही. परंतु त्याचा स्पष्टपणे अर्थ समजणे अत्यंत आवश्यक आहे. म्हणून वाक्यरचना जाणून घ्या आणि स्वत: वापर करण्याचा प्रयत्न करा. अधिक सराव म्हणजे अधिक उपयुक्तता.
Tenses –
1) Simple Present Tense- It refers to time is in the Present.
2) Simple Past Tense – It refers to time that was in the past.
3) Simple Future Tense – It refers to time that will/shall be in the Future.
4) Present Continuous Tense – It refers to time that is going on in the present.
5) Past continuous Tense – It refers to time that was going on in the past.
6) Future Continuous Tense – It refers to time that will/shall be going on in the furure.
Sentence- A sentence is a word or a group or words that make a complete sense with a finite verb.
Kinds of Sentences-
1) Simple sentence – A simple sentence is a sentence which has only on subject any one predicate OR A simple sentence has only one finits vrb.
2) Compound sentence- A compound sentence is a sentence with two main clauses joined by coordinating conjuctions. It is also known as double sentence.
3) Multiple sentence- A multiple sentence is a sentence which has more than two main clauses or main verbs.
4) Complex sentence- A complex sentence is a sentence with one main claus and one sub ordinate clause or one main verb and one or more sub ordinate verbs.
5) Mixed sentence- A mixed sentence is a sentence with at least two main clauses and one or more than one sub ordinate clauses or mixed sentence has atleast two main verbs and one or more than one subordinate verbs.
Clause- A clause is a part of a sentence, it is a word or a group of words. it does not gie a complete sense.
Kinds of Clause
– Main or Principal Clause
– Dependent or Suborinate Clause
There are three types of dependent or subordinate clauses-
1) Adjective Clase- It qualifies a noun or a pronoun in the main clause
2) Adverb Clause- It modifies the verb in the main clause.
3) Adverb Clause of time- It answers the question when and is introduce by words such as- Untill, till, as, since, while, when, after, befour etc.
ii) Adverb clause of place- It answer the question where and is introduced by the words- where, wherever.
ii) Adverb clause of manner- It answers the question how and is introduced by the words- as, like.
iv) Adverb clause of reason- It answers the question why and is introduced by the words- as, since, because etc.
v) Clause of condition- it answers the question on what condition and is introduced by the words if, unless.
vi) Adverb clause of degree/ comparison- It is introduced with as… as.
vii) Adverb clause of contrast- It is introduced with though, although, however.
viii) Adverb clause of purpose- It is introduced with the word. So that, such that.
ix) Adverb clause of result- It is introduced with the words- so that, such that
3) Noun clause- A noun clause does the work of a noun. It usually answers the questions what to the verb.
Voice-
i) Active voice- The word active means doing.
ii) Passive voice- The word passive means not active i.e. it receives same action.
All transitive verbs have both active as well as passive voice. The intransitive verbs have no passive voice.
Rules for changing active to passive voice
1) When we change the verb from active to passive, the object of the verb in the active voice becomes the subject of the passive voice. But the meaning does not change.
2) In the passive voice, with the verb we use some prepositions like by and with.
3) In passive voices, the past participate should always be used with the verb be. The tense of the verb be must agree in number and person with the subject.
Words similar in meaning- Synonyms.
NOTE- Go through the dictionary every now and then to get new words.
Correct spelling play a very important role in the fluency of a language. Correct spellings create a good impression after the style of writing.
Direct and Indirect Speech-
A direct speech is a sentence which is directly spoken by the speaker or the listener. An indirect speech is a sentence which is not spoken directly but a second person who has heard tells the third person what the first person spoke. It is always in the past tense.
Rules for changing Direct into Indirect speech.
i) Remove the punctuation marks, comma, inverted comma, full stop, question mark.
ii) The indirect speech is always in the past tense.
iii) After the reporting verb said etc. use the word that.
iv) The first person is changed into third person.
v) Questionnaire of two types Wh questions and yes/no question.
